Leonard Bloomfield e o ensino de leitura

Maria de Lourdes Rodrigues da Fonseca Passos; Djenane Brasil da Conceição

doi:10.18364/rc.v1i47.67

Autores

Maria de Lourdes Rodrigues da Fonseca Passos Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (aposentada)
Djenane Brasil da Conceição Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (CCS/UFRB) Universidade Federal de São Carlos (PPGPsi/UFSCar)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18364/rc.v1i47.67

Resumo

RESUMO: Este artigo explora a singularidade e potencialidade do trabalho do eminente linguista Leonard Bloomfield sobre ensino de leitura, elaborado no período de 1920-1940 e publicado postumamente em 1961 como Let’s Read: A Linguistic Approach. Baseado no ensino do princípio alfabético (as relações sistemáticas grafema-fonema envolvidas na leitura de textos com escrita alfabética), cuja importância é amplamente aceita entre pesquisadores no campo do ensino de leitura, o método utiliza pares mínimos de palavras escritas apresentadas numa sequência de ensino que contribui para o aprendizado sem erros, alimentando a motivação do aprendiz. Experiências e experimentos no ensino da leitura do inglês indicaram a efetividade do método, que ainda não tem paralelo na língua portuguesa. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino de leitura; escrita alfabética; linguística estrutural; Leonard Bloomfield.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Maria de Lourdes Rodrigues da Fonseca Passos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (aposentada)

Departamento de Psicologia Geral e Experimental Comportamento verbal Doutorado em Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo; Pós-Doutorado, University of Massachusetts Medical School/Shriver Center

Djenane Brasil da Conceição, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (CCS/UFRB) Universidade Federal de São Carlos (PPGPsi/UFSCar)

Titulação: Mestrado em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Vinculação acadêmica: Professor Assistente, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia; Doutoranda em Psicologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Bolsista Capes/Fulbright 2013-2014 Estágio de Doutorado nos EUA - Teachers College, Columbia University, NY Bolsista Capes Prodoutoral desde setembro de 2014Djenane Brasil da Conceição

Referências

BARNHART, C. A. A little-known aspect of Leonard Bloomfield’s linguistics: The story of Let’s Read (1961). Historiographia Linguistica, v. 40, n. 3, p. 433-476, 2013.

BARNHART, C. L. American Lexicography, 1945-1973. American Speech, v. 53, n. 2, p. 83-140, 1978.

BARNHART, C. L. Introduction for parents. In: Bloomfield; Barnhart, C. L. Let’s Read: A linguistic approach. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1961a. p. 3-4.

BARNHART, C. L. The story of the Bloomfield system. In: Bloomfield; Barnhart, C. L. Let’s Read: A linguistic approach. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1961b. p. 9-17.

BARNHART, C. A.; BARNHART, R. K. Let’s read: A linguistic approach. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2010. 502p.

BLOCH, B. Leonard Bloomfield. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 553 (Reprinted from Language v. 25, 1949, p. 87-94).

BLOOMFIELD, L. About foreign language teaching. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 426-438. (Reprinted from The Yale Review, v. 34, p. 625-641, 1945).

BLOOMFIELD, L. Language. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1933/1961. 564p.

BLOOMFIELD, L. Language or ideas? In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 322-328. (Reprinted from Language, v. 12, p. 89-95, 1936a).

BLOOMFIELD, L. Letters from Bloomfield to Michelson and Sapir, edited by Hockett, C. F., 1919. In: HALL Jr., R. A. Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1987, p. 39-60.

BLOOMFIELD, L. Linguistic analysis of Mathematics, by A. F. Bentley. Behavior, knowledge, fact, by A. F. Bentley. [Review] In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 329-332. (Reprinted from Language, v. 12, 1936b, p. 137-141).

BLOOMFIELD, L. Linguistic aspects of science. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 307-321 (Reprinted from Philosophy of Science, 1935, v. 2, p. 499-517).

BLOOMFIELD, L. Linguistic aspects of science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 9th. Impression. 1939/1965. 59p. (International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, v. 1, n. 4).

BLOOMFIELD, L. Linguistics and reading. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 384-395. (Reprinted from Elementary English Review, 1942a, v.19, p. 125-130, 183-186).

BLOOMFIELD, L. Outline guide for the practical study of foreign languages. Special publications of the Linguistic Society of America. Baltimore, Linguistic Society of America, 1942b. 16p.

BLOOMFIELD, L. Teaching children to read. In: Bloomfield; Barnhart, C. L. Let’s Read: A Linguistic approach. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1961. p. 19-42.

BLOOMFIELD, L. The language of science. [Fragments]. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 333-338. (Unpublished manuscript, 1937).

BLOOMFIELD, L.; BARNHART, C. L. Let’s Read: A linguistic approach. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1961. 465p.

BOLLING, G. M. Language, by L. Bloomfield. [Review]. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 277-278). (Reprinted from Language, v.11, 1935, p. 251-252).

BRASIL. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Censo 2010: Cai taxa de analfabetismo no País. 2011. Disponível em: <http://www.brasil.gov.br/economia-e-emprego/2011/11/censo-2010-cai-taxa-de-analfabetismo-no-pais> Acesso em: 14 março 2015.

CAGLIARI, L. C. Alfabetização e linguística. São Paulo, Scipione, 1997. 423p.

CAGLIARI, L. C. Alfabetizando sem o bá-bé-bi-bó-bu. São Paulo SP: Scipione, 2009. 258p.

COSERIU, E. Lecciones de lingüística general. Madrid: Gredos, 1986. 354p.

COWAN, J. M. The Whimsical Bloomfield. In: HALL Jr., R. A. Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1987, p. 23-37.

EDGERTON, F. Language, by L. Bloomfield. [Review]. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 258-260. (Reprinted from Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1933, v. 53, p. 295-297).

EHRI, L. C.; et al. Systematic phonics instruction helps students learn to read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel’s meta-analysis. Journal of Direct Instruction, v. 2, n. 2, p.121-166, 2002. (Reprinted from Review of Educational Research, v. 71, n. 3, p. 393-447, 2001).

FOUGHT, J. American Structuralism. In: KOERNER, E. F. K.; ASHER, R. E. (Ed.). Concise history of the language sciences: From the Sumerians to the cognitivists. New York: Pergamon, 1995. p. 295-306.

FOUGHT, J. Introduction. In: Fought, J. (Ed.), Leonard Bloomfield: Critical assessments of leading linguists, Vol. 1. Biographical sketches. London: Routledge, 1999a. p. 1-21.

FOUGHT, J. Leonard Bloomfield’s linguistic legacy. Historiographia Linguistica, v. 26, n. 3, p. 313-332, 1999b.

FRIES, C. C. Linguistics and reading. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1962. 265p.

GODDARD, I. Leonard Bloomfield’s descriptive and comparative studies of Algonquian. In: HALL Jr., R. A. (Ed.). Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1987, p. 179-217.

GREER, R. D.; ROSS, D. E. Verbal behavior analysis: Inducing and expanding complex communication in children with severe language delays. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2008. 322p.

HALL Jr., R. A. A life for language: A biographical memoir of Leonard Bloomfield. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1990, 129p.

HALL Jr., R. A. In memoriam Leonard Bloomfied. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 547-553. (Reprinted from Lingua, 1950, v. 2, p. 117-123).

HOCKETT, C. F. Foreword to the 1984 edition of Language. In: BLOOMFIELD, L. Language. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984, p. ix-xiv.

HOCKETT, C. F. Introduction to The Language of Science [Fragments], by Leonard Bloomfield. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 333-334.

HOCKETT, C. F. Leonard Bloomfield: After fifty years. Historiographia Linguistica, v. 26, n. 3, p. 295-311, 1999.

HOLLAND, J. G.; PITTSBURGH UNIVINERSITY, PA. Learning Research and Development Center. Analysis of Behavior in Reading Instruction, 1976. Disponível em: <http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED155625> Acesso em: 14 mar. 2015.

INSTITUTO PAULO MONTENEGRO; AÇÃO EDUCATIVA. INAF BRASIL 2011. Indicador de alfabetismo funcional. Principais resultados. São Paulo: Instituto Paulo Montenegro, Ação Educativa, Ibope Inteligência, 2011. Disponível em: <http://www.ipm.org.br/download/informe_resultados_inaf2011_versao%20final_12072012b.pdf> Acesso em: 3 março 2015.

JESPERSEN, O., et al. A linguist’s life: An English translation of Otto Jespersen’s autobiography with notes, photos and a bibliography. Odense: Odense University Press, 1996. 380p.

JESPERSEN, O. What is the use of phonetics? Disponível em: <http://interlanguages.net/phonetics.html> Acesso em: 6 março 2015.

KROESCH, S. Language, by L. Bloomfield. [Review]. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 260-264. (Reprinted from Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 1933, v. 32, p. 594-597).

LEHMANN, W. P. Bloomfield as an Indo-Europeanist. In: HALL Jr., R. A. (Ed.), Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1987, p. 163-172.

LEMLE, M. Guia teórico do alfabetizador. 17ª ed. SP: Ática, 2009. 71p.

LEPSCHY, G. C. A survey of structural linguistics. 2nd. ed. London: Andre Deutsch, 1982. 206p.

LYONS, L. The Effects of the Mastery of Auditory Matching of Component Sounds to Words on the Rate and Accuracy of Textual and Spelling Responses. 2014. Dissertation (Doctorate in Applied Sciences of Learning and Special Education) – Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 2014.

MALKIEL, Y. Review of Bloomfield & Barnhart (1961). Romance Philology, v. 16 n. 1, p. 83–91, 1962.

MATHEWS, M. M. Teaching to read: Historically considered. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. 218p.

MATOS, M. A.; PASSOS, M. L. R. F. Emergent verbal behavior and analogy: Skinnerian and linguistic approaches. The Behavior Analyst, v. 33, n. 65-81, 2010.

MATOS, M. A.; PASSOS, M. L. R. F. Linguistic sources of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior. The Behavior Analyst, v. 29, p. 89-107, 2006.

MCGUINNESS, D. Early reading instruction: What science really tells us about how to teach reading. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2004. 410p.

MORAIS, J. A arte de ler. Tradução Alvaro Lorencini. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 1996, 327p.

MURRAY, S. O. How dark was the eclipse of Bloomfield? In: FOUGHT, J. (Ed.), Leonard Bloomfield: Critical assessments of leading linguists. London: Routledge, Reviews and meaning, 1999, v. 2. p. 342-344. (Reprinted from Historiographia Linguistica, 18, pp. 251-253, 1991).

NATIONAL READING PANEL. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. National Reading Panel: Teaching children to read: an evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. Reports of the subgroups. Washington, D.C., 2000. Disponível em: <http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/nrp/documents/report.pdf> Acesso em: 05 março 2015.

OLIVEIRA, J. B. A.; SILVA, L. C. F. Métodos de alfabetização: o estado da arte. In: Aprendizagem Infantil: Uma Abordagem da neurociência, economia e psicologia cognitiva. Rio de Janeiro: Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2011. Disponível em: <http://site.alfaebeto.org.br/Arquivos/Documentos/ABC_vers_o_9_de_outubro.pdf> Acesso em: 23 out. 2014.

PASSOS, M. L. R. F. Bloomfield and Skinner: speech-community, functions of language, and scientific activity. The Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis, v. 1.4, n. 2.1, p. 76-96, 2007. <http://www.baojournal.com/SLP-ABA%20WEBSITE/SLP-ABA-VOL-1/SLP-ABA-1-4--2-1.pdf>

PASSOS, M. L. R. F.; MATOS, M. A. The influence of Bloomfield’s linguistics on Skinner. The Behavior Analyst, v. 30, n. 2, p. 133-151. 2007. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2203636/>

POOLEY, R. C. Introduction for teachers. In: Bloomfield, L.; Barnhart, C. L. Let’s read: A linguistic approach. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1961, p. 5-8.

REIS, T. S. Avaliação da eficácia de um programa suplementar para o ensino de leitura e escrita aplicado em ambiente escolar. Dissertação (Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação Especial) – Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2009.

ROBINS, R. H. A short history of linguistics. 4th ed. London: Longman, 1997. 282p.

SEBRA, A. G.; DIAS, M. D. Métodos de alfabetização: delimitação de procedimentos e considerações para uma prática eficaz. Revista Psicopedagogia, v. 28, n. 87, p. 306-320, 2011.

SHANNON, M. R. Review of Bloomfield & Barnhart (1961). Teachers College Record, v. 65, n. 1, p. 93–94, 1963.

SKINNER, B. F. Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1957. 478p.

SMITH Jr., H. L. Let’s read: a linguistic approach, by L. Bloomfield & C. L. Barnhart. [Review]. Language, v. 39, p. 67-78, 1963.

STURTEVANT, E. H. Language, by L. Bloomfield. [Review]. In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 265-266. (Reprinted from The Classical Weekly, v. 27, p. 159-160, 3/26/1934).

STURTEVANT, E. H. Leonard Bloomfield (Obituary Notice). In: HOCKETT, C. F. (Ed.). A Leonard Bloomfield anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970, p. 544-547. (Reprinted from The American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1949, Philadelphia, p. 302-305, 1950).

TOMALIN, M. Leonard Bloomfield: Linguistics and mathematics. Historiographia Linguistica, v. 31, n.1, p. 105–136, 2004.

VENEZKY, R. L. The structure of English orthography. The Hague: Mouton, 1970, 162p.

WEISS, A. P. A theoretical basis of human behavior. 2nd. ed. Columbus, Ohio: R. G. Adams, 1929. 479p.

WOLFF, J. U. Bloomfield as an Austronesianist. In: HALL Jr., R. A. (Ed.), Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1987, p. 173-178.